Valve-gear for fluid-pressure engines.



H. W. AYLWARD.

VALVE GEAR FOB FLUID PRESSURE ENGINES.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. a. 190e.

1,005,923. Patented 0111.111911.

W Ariomeys.

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPM W..VASHINUTON D. C.

HENRY W. AYLWARD,

OF NEW YORK, N'. Y.

VALVE-GEAR FOR FLUID-PRESSURE ENGINES.

incassa.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Got. 1"?, 1911.

Application filed August 8, 1908. Serial No. 447,516.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY 1V. AYLwanD, a citizen of the United States, residing in the borough of Brooklyn, city of New York, and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Valve-Gear for Fluid-Pressure Engines, of which the following is a description. y

The object I have in view is to produce an engine to be operated by an elastic fluid, such as steam, and which may be regulated as to speed, irrespective of the pressure of the fluid or of the load.

A further object is to produce an engine in which the speed may be varied as `desired, in which the parts will be simple and few in` number and will be compactly arranged.

These and further objects will appear from the following specification and accompanying drawings considered either together or separately.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional view of one embodiment of my invention, Fig. 2 is a side view of a switch used in connection therewith, and Fig. 3 shows two modifications of a portion of the clockwork for controlling the speed of the engine.

In all views like parts are designated by the same reference characters.

The engine comprises a cylinder 1, in which works a piston 2. The piston rod passes through the stuiting box 3 and is connected in the usual manner to the crank pin 4, carried` by the shaft 5. This shaft carries a Hy wheel 6 and a disk 7, which may carry the crank pin 4l. The cylinder is supported upon a frame 8, preferably in the vertical position shown. Steam is admitted through the passage 9 to the cylinder below the piston 2. The steamV exhausts through the port 10 at the other end of the cylinder and escapes through the outlet pas'- sage 11. The piston is provided with a port 12, of smaller area than the exhaust port 10. The exhaust port 10 is closed by a valve 13 which is opened by being depressed and is kept closed by steam pressure. This valve is provided with a projecting pin or other device 14 to limit the extent of openin Tt is apparent that upon the valve 13 being a'closed and steam being admitted through the passage 9 it will press with equal pressure upon the upper and lower facesof the piston, the port 12 permitting the magnet. y Y of the cylinder 1 are best made of soft iron,

Ved by a spring 20.

presence of theV piston rod.V The weight of the piston,n piston rod and' crank, together with the greater force of steam upon the upper face ot the piston will cause the piston to lie at the lowest point of travelf within the cylinder. Upon the opening ofV the valve V13 the accumulated steam in the cylinder above the piston will escape and this escape will occur more readily than the steam will pass through the port 12, hence the difference in pressures upon the two sides of the piston will cause the elevation of the piston, the elevation of the crank and the rotation of the crank shaft 5 and the fly wheel 6. If the valve 13 be now closed, steam passing through the passage 12 will put the piston in equilibrium and it will descend partly by its own weight, partly by the inertia of the ily wheel and partly by the excess of pressure of' steam upon the upper face of the piston.

The means for opening' the valve 13 illustrated, is partly mechanical and partly electromagnetic. The electromagnetic portion comprises an armature 15 which lies within a casing 16 above the cylinder 1. This casing 1G is secured to a casing 17 which lies outside of the cylinder and produces an annular cavity. Within this cavity lies the coil 18 which constitutes the exciting coil of A The casing 17 and the walls as well as the base 19, so that a form of duced. Upon the magnet being excitedV the armature will be drawn down and will deliver a blow to the spindle of the valve 13, openingl the latter against the pressure of the steam in the cylinder. Upon the magnet being denergized the armature will be liftlt is apparent, therefore, that upon the magnet beingenergized vmagnet of the ironclad tvpe will be prothe valve 13'will be opened and the piston 2 will be elevated and that upon the magnet being denergized the valve 13 will be closed by the pressure and velocity of steam upon its face, and that the piston 12 will descend.

For the purpose of inclosing the top of the coil a circular plate 21 is screwed into the inside of the casing 1'?.V This plate is provided with a central opening having inclined walls 22', which engage with inclined walls of the upper end of the outside of the cylinder 1, as shown. The screwing in of the plate 21 causes the two inclined walls to come into close contact and a perfectly watertight joint is produced. This is a desirable struct-ure as it effectively prevents moisture from reaching the coil and at the same time produces a means for rendering the coil accessible and removable.

The magnet is adapted to be energized and denergized at regular intervals. 1t will be either so done by clockwork or by a circuit interrupter carried by the shaft 5, or by both combined. 1 show in Eig. 1 both arrangements, which produces an operative structure. Either one of these arrangements may be omitted and the engine will be operated by the one that remains. The clockwork is shown at 23, and lies within a chamber 24, which is best made integral with the casing 17 and base 19. This clockwork is provided with a moving element 25, having a contact point which engages with a fixed element 26 also having aI contact point. A moving element with the single cont-act point is shown in Fig. 1 so that it makes one contact with the fixed element 26 for each revolution that it makes. The element 25 may have more than one contact point, Fig. 3 showing two and three such points in the two portions of the gure. The number may be increased as is obvious. The fixed element 28 is carried by an insulated block 27, and communicates with the coil 18 by a wire 28. The clockwork is shown as carried upon a cover 29, which is insulated from the chamber 24:. A wire 30 connects with a source of electricity. It is apparent that the clockwork will make and break the circuit at regular intervals Every time the circuit is made the magnet will be energized and when it is broken it will be deenergized and the engine will make one revolution for each energizing and denergizing of the magnet as has been explained.

In addition to the clockwork is shown a circuit breaker comprising a fixed element 31 with a contact point which engages with a moving element 32, which is carried by the disk 7. This moving element 32 is so located upon t-he disk 7 that contact will be completed when the piston 2 is in its lowermost position. Either one of these contact makers, z'. e., that operated by clockwork, or that operated by the shaft, may be used or bot-h may be used together, as shown. When the clockwork contact maker is used alone, the wire 33 is disconnected from the fixed element 31 and led to the negative lpole, either directly or through the frame and wire 39. When the circuit breaker on the shaft 5 is used alone, the current from the positive pole is led directly to the coil 18 through the wire 28. When the contact breaker on t-he shaft 5 is employed alone the engine will run at a speed which will vary according to the load and the pressure of the steam. "When the clockwork is used, either alone or in connection with the other circuit breaker the speed will depend entirely upon the speed of the clockwork and the frequency of the making and the breaking of the circuits between the fixed contact 26 and the movable Contact 25. This, it is ap aarent, will occur irrespective of the load, it being assumed that the load is not beyond the capacity of the engine. 1t will also be irrespective of the pressure of the steam.

The coil V18 is shown as connected to the fixed element 31 by a wire 33, which includes a switch 34 shown in Fig. 2. This switch comprises an arm 35 pivoted upon the insulating disk 36, which also carries the contact elements shown. This disk is secured to a cover 37, which corresponds in shape and size to the cover 29, and incloses a chamber 38 of the same size and shape as the chamber 24. These two chambers being of equal size and shape and lying on opposite sides of the cylinder and magnet produces a symmetrical structure, reducing the cost of the engine. The switch 34 is used for stopping the engine without the need of turning oli the steam in the passage 9. The other terminal of the electric circuit is by means of the wire 39 which is secured to the Jframe 8.

1n accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, 1 have described the principle of my invention, together with the apparatus which 1 now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is merely illustrative and that the invention can be carried out in other ways.

Having now described my invention what l claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A fluid pressure engine having a fluid controlling valve and electromagnetic means for controlling the valve and clockwork for controlling the electromagnetic means.

2. A iiuid pressure engine having a cylinder and an electromagnetic coil surrounding the cylinder in combination with a fluid controlling valve actuated by the coil.

3. A fluid pressure engine having a cylinder of iron and a coil surrounding the cylinder and a casing surrounding the coil, the said cylinder forming one of the pole pieces of a magnet in combination with a fluid controlling valve actuated by the magnet.

4. An elastic fluid engine having a cylinder and coil surrounding the cylinder and a casing surrounding the coil and a plate covering the coil and engaging with the cylinder, the said plate having a central opening, the outside walls of the cylinder being tapered, and the opening in the center of the plate being tapered, .producing a tapered joint at the junction of the plate and cylinder, a Valve within the opening, and an armature for the electro-magnet formed by the coil and cylinder cooperating with the Valve, and means for moving the armature.

5. An elastic iuid engine with a cylinder and valve therein, a magnet surrounding the cylinder and an armature acted upon by the magnet and mechanically engaging with the Valve and means for energizing and denergizing the magnet.

6. An elastic fluid engine having a cylinder with a magnet thereon and a casingV surrounding the magnet, said casing carrying a chamber and a clockwork within the chamber, and electric connections between the clockwork and the magnet for energizing and denergizing the latter, and connections between the magnet and the valve of the engine for operating the latter in response to the functioning of the magnet.

This specification signed and witnessed this 6th day of August, 1908.

HENRY WV. AYLVARD.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ive cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Iatents,

Washington, D. C. 

